Some Arduino and model railway enthusiasts wrote a nice howto on configuring Geany as IDE for Arduino development, including cross-compiling and transferring code to a Arduino board.
https://freie-software.org/free-your-model-train/geany-arduino.html
Unfortunately, the howto is available in German only.
Another, in English:
https://gitlab.com/snouf/geany_plugin_arduino_ide
Arduino French forum